We'll attempt to answer this question by examining recent philosophical work on the nature of free will and responsibility. The philosophical study of what we do in language, and how we understand one another, is called pragmatics; within the analytic tradition, the main philosophical contributions to the study of pragmatics in language came from Peirce, Wittgenstein, Austen, Grice and Searle. To notify Williams of alumni deaths, please email, Experiential Learning & Community Engagement. We will begin with an analysis of primary texts by Fanon and end by considering how Fanon has been interpreted by his contemporaries as well as activists and critical theorists writing today. The theoretical aspect of the course will involve close readings of selected articles in contemporary aesthetics, philosophy of literature and philosophy of film. We will begin the course by looking briefly at some of the Presocratic philosophers active in the Mediterranean world of the seventh through fifth centuries BCE, and some of the sophists active in the fifth century. What are the forces, and the dynamics between forces (i.e., economic, technological, modes of communication, techniques of social control, biological, psychological) that make certain types of subjects possible influencing both their self-understandings and their forms of life? Topics will include: What can we know through our senses? Our main goal will be to prove things about this logical system rather than to use this system to think about ordinary language arguments. of such projects for philosophy, this tutorial will focus on a less emphasized, but equally essential aspect of our lives: emotions. Phil is based out of Greater Seattle Area and works in the Real Estate industry. [more], Through lectures, discussions, close readings and assigned writings, we will consider a variety of philosophical questions about the nature of persons, and personal identity through time. Of course, this question cannot really be answered, nor is there any value in trying to answer it, and any "answer" will only be "true" for you. Is it possible to have systematic knowledge of subjective experience? [2] [3] He is the host of The Matt Walsh Show podcast and is a columnist for The Daily Wire. Our main goal in this course is to work our way through Aristotle's text which can be extremely daunting, and to reconstruct his central positions and his arguments for these positions. We will pay special attention to the structure of arguments for and against relativism, as well as to the philosophical motivations and perceived consequences of its endorsement or rejection. Philosophy of Education: DuBois versus Washington, deepest questions in philosophy: consequentialism versus deontology, the goals of happiness versus dignity, long term versus short term goals, and more. He was born on March 15, 1960 and his birthplace is Australia. [more], The aim of the course is to survey, analyze and discuss many varieties of relativism--semantic, epistemic, ontological and moral--from Plato's Theaetetus to contemporary social constructivism. How is it different from science? We will then turn to a variety of more recent attempts to give a clear characterization of causation. But, is logic the study of how people do reason, or is it the study of how people should reason? What are the responsibilities of museum curators and theater producers when presenting art that might offend? The first portion of the course will be devoted to considering general theories of justice as well as alternative conceptions of justice specifically within the health care context. nature and origins of the mother-child bond, and to replace--or to let us think we can replace--chance with choice." We doubt, we point out that no one can be certain in what she believes, and we are suspicious of declarations of transcendent reason or truth (unless they are our own). Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Marx, J.S. Are we justified in believing in God? [more], Logic is the study of reasoning and argument. We make causal judgments constantly in our everyday lives and in scientific contexts. What are the forces, and the dynamics between forces (i.e., economic, technological, modes of communication, techniques of social control, biological, psychological) that make certain types of subjects possible influencing both their self-understandings and their forms of life? The second portion of the course will use feminist philosophy to inform our understanding of the ways in which gender structures the individual's interactions with the health care system. Are we capable of disinterested altruism, or are we motivated solely by self-interest? S. Peirce, and John Dewey. Philosophy? Is philosophy of film really autonomous, independent from traditional philosophical disciplines which help generate its central questions, such as aesthetics, philosophy of art, epistemology, ontology, semiotics, ethics, social and political philosophy? We will try to determine what is the scope and nature of an adequate theory of emotions, what are the desiderata for such a theory, and what should count as evidence in its favor. Specific issues will include the ethics of placebo research, deception in research, studies of illicit/illegal behavior, genetic research, experimentation with children, pregnant women and fetuses, and persons with diminished mental capacity, among other topics. Rings of harmony surround you. Messing with People: The Ethics of Human Experimentation. We will discuss major works (philosophical, literary, visual) by such figures as Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Richard Wright, Ingmar Bergman and Jean-Luc Godard. According to Hegel, subjects are both historically and socially constituted; they are formed through their relations with other subjects. In addition we'll also look at feminist analyses of topics that traditionally have not been regarded as "gendered," such as resource allocation and end of life issues. The debate between Empiricism and Rationalism concerns whether all our knowledge derives from experience, or any is innate. Embodiment and Consciousness: A Cross-Cultural Exploration. The son of Adelaide Crows coach Phil Walsh has been charged with his murder, after the 55-year-old was found dead in his home, South Australian police . We will, undoubtedly, have to adjust the syllabus to respond to breaking international, national and local news. Our texts will include Gottlob Frege. We'll also work on writing lucid prose that displays precisely the logical structure of arguments, engages in focused critique of these arguments, and forcefully presents arguments of our own. Just today (15 February 2022). And please refer to Class Notes for further information . To submit an obituary, please send it to Alumni Records, Williams College, 75 Park Street, Williamstown, MA 01267. Each identified the limits, whether historical or innate, of our human capacity to know ourselves and our world, and to live harmoniously with others. We will examine this issue in Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, classic sources and contemporary articles. Perhaps, then, economics is not primarily a predictive science, but instead a descriptive, historical, and/or mathematical one. Others maintain that these questions will only yield to methods that incorporate our broader insight into the nature of the world including, perhaps, feminist thought or science. In particular, one must grasp that "three of them" picks out a subset of the group picked out by "every cookie", and that there's no such thing as a cookie that is both chocolate chip, Minds, Brains, and Intelligent Behavior: An Introduction to Cognitive Science. (ii) You are reading. Finally, we will examine some of Aristotle's works on metaphysics, epistemology and ethics, considering some of the ways Aristotle's thought responds to that of predecessors. We will attempt answers by studying classical works (such as Plato's Republic and John Stuart Mill's On Liberty), contemporary articles, and works of art in various media. Rorty challenged the very concept of morality and questioned all moral theory. The debate between Realism and Idealism concerns whether reality is composed of mind-independent matter, or mind-like substances. So, some relationships with other people--such as friendships, familial ties, love, patriotism--seem to be ethically desirable, central to the quality of our lives, and yet prima facie in tension with the widely held belief that morality requires impartiality and equal treatment of all human beings. In the first part of the course, we will read Wittgenstein's, Philosophical Implications of Modern Physics. It is at the same time the most intimately known fact of our humanity and science's most elusive puzzle. Attention to the writing process and developing an authorial voice will be a recurrent focus of our work inside and outside the classroom. has taken on an exciting urgency. [more], The nature of consciousness remains a fundamental mystery of the universe. In some weeks, students will be asked to choose from a small set which case they would like to address; in others the case will be assigned. Throughout the course, our focus will be on three broad issues: Hume's conception of theoretical rationality, his conception of practical rationality, and his views about the role and relevance of non-rational (on some readings, irrational) elements in a good life of a wise person. Whether this is hyperbole or wise prognostication, it cannot be denied that the rise of AI will be a tectonic shift for culture, technology, and our fundamental sense of ourselves. It is, in fact, quite difficult to get through any course of study in the liberal arts without some familiarity with Plato. While engaging these texts, we will continually reflect on their relevance for thinking about the problems facing liberal democracies today, particularly in the U.S. [more], In this tutorial we will examine a number of prominent and controversial social issues, using our study of them both as an opportunity to better understand the moral dimensions of those issues in and of themselves, and to consider the ways in which selected classical and contemporary moral theories characterize and address those moral dimensions. Frederick Rudolph, Williams College 1793-1993: Three Eras, Three Cultures, Michael S . How can we reconcile this faith with the persistence of domination today? To do this we will explore topics that might traditionally be considered "women's issues" in healthcare, such as medicine and body image (e.g., cosmetic surgery, eating disorders), reproductive and genetic technologies, and research on women and their health care needs. How can it be known and pursued? He hoped it would occasion a public debate between Locke and himself, and prompt the intellectual community to decide, once and for all, between Empiricism and Rationalism, Realism and Idealism, and on related issues concerning the mind, language, truth, God, natural kinds, causation, and freedom. This introduction to philosophy will see how far the microscopes of reason and logic can carry us in traditional arguments about the existence and nature of God. What is the mind? The debate never transpired - indeed, Leibniz suppressed his New Essays - because of Locke's death in 1705. On the other hand, if logic is about how we should reason, what makes it the case that we should reason one way rather than another? influences? Our readings will include the relevant works of Plato, Sextus Empiricus, Carnap, Quine, Davidson, Goodman, Elgin, Hacking, Krausz, Foot, and Williams, among others. What should be done about offensive art? Whether the mind can be fully understood within a scientific framework has taken on an exciting urgency. What form of government best serves the people? Last modified on Wed 26 Oct 2016 19.14 EDT. What is it for a sentence or a proposition to be true? In addition we'll also look at feminist analyses of topics that traditionally have not been regarded as "gendered," such as resource allocation and end of life issues. You are psyched to be reading this course description right now. (iii) You exist. We will begin the course by looking at Hume's and Kant's discussion of causation. We will narrow our focus even further and will concentrate primarily on meaning, reference and truth. Finally, we will consider how the concept of freedom is applied in contemporary social contexts, such as speech, religion, voting, and sexuality and gender. We will examine the wager in its original home of Pascal's Pensees, and look at William James' related article, "The Will to Believe." [more], Is morality simply a matter of opinion? in a different order--check the stove, say "I didn't leave the stove on", then say "I might've left the stove on"--and something's gone quite wrong. Each questioned the emancipatory effect of reason and freedom as well as idealist accounts of moral progress in human history. We will also read more recent work by Foucault inspired scholars on topics such as the biopolitics of gender, the genealogy of terrorism, the informational person (how we become our data), and neoliberal subjects. Our seminar will have two aims: (1) to reconstruct the single most compelling moral theory from Kant's various ethical writings, and (2) to trace the influence of Kant's ethics in contemporary philosophy. Tragedy and philosophy were two of the finest achievements of classical Athenian civilization, and each attempts to reveal to the reader something fundamental about our shared human condition. We will closely analyze classical arguments by Augustine, Avicenna, Aquinas, Anselm, Maimonides, Descartes, and others. In this course we will seek to comprehend the dimensions in which Existentialism is a distinctive intellectual tradition. Phil Walsh. Pascal's wager is a different approach: it argues that even though proof of the existence of God is unavailable, you will maximize your expected utility be believing. Your email address will not be published. classics of western literature, and his views on ethics and politics continue to occupy a central place in our discussions 2400 years after they were written. Thus, the concept of person plays a significant role in most branches of philosophy, e.g. [more], If we think of Michel Foucault as engaged in writing histories, or genealogies, of his own present designed to undercut the sense of the obviousness of certain practices and ways of thinking, categorizing, and knowing, we can easily imagine that he might now be questioning different aspects of our contemporary "present" than the ones standardly associated with his name, namely, panopticons and surveillance, discipline, criminalization, the biopolitics of health, the normal and the abnormal, etc. They help us ask: What is freedom? Is there a room for the notion of collective intention in filmmaking? Some of them explicitly engage meta-philosophical debates; others exemplify particular philosophical styles and methods. We will begin with John Stuart Mill's powerful defense of free speech in On Liberty, but will then investigate challenges to Mill's traditional liberalism from thinkers, such as Catharine MacKinnon, who believe that such rights are never neutral. [more], Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature, one of the greatest books in the history of philosophy, still exerts a considerable influence on contemporary epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of science, philosophy of action, ethics and moral psychology. [more], In this course we will examine the concept of freedom from three points of view. [more], Our focus in this class is going to be on the nature of causation. We also examine the Yogacara school, which offers a process view of reality focusing on the analysis of experience. Does being virtuous guarantee happiness? What is the nature of audience's response to film? We will focus particularly on how subjects are positioned in relation to his writings on power and knowledge with particular attention to the later so-called ethical writings in the years before his untimely death in 1984. Are there incompatible but equally true ways of describing the world? [more], The seminar involves a critical engagement with key Africana political leaders, theorists and liberationists. Or is it a supreme illusion, a dream-like escape, the domain in which the viewer's unconscious wishes are magically fulfilled? experiences, have thoughts and feelings, motivation and agency; a person is thought of as continuous over time, and as related to, recognized and respected by other persons. even further and will concentrate primarily on meaning, reference and truth. Summer Institutes for Undergraduates in Philosophy. In this course, relying on works by economists and philosophers, we examine the status of economics as an academic discipline, focusing on its assumptions, methods, and results. When I attended the Chairmans dinner at the West Coast Eagles- Adelaide Crows AFL game a few week ago there was a pall of sadness in the room. [more], This will be a course in the philosophy of language at it has developed over the past century and a half in the analytic tradition. In order to be justified in holding a belief, must someone know (or believe) that she is justified in holding that belief? . In this course we will investigate the the broad topics of consciousness and thought by surveying the many approaches to mind that yield the contemporary debates. Do particular case histories offer good explanations of psychopathology? This is unfortunate, but at least there isn't a heap of sand on my desk. characteristics, but rather what a human being becomes and how it defines and creates itself under conditions it does not choose. What do we mean when we talk about racial capitalism? To what extent do these myriad force relations limit, enable, or deform our participation as political citizens, and our capacity to transform and improve them? We will analyze and discuss various accounts of scientific method, structure and justification of scientific theories, scientific choice, change, and the idea that scientific knowledge is progressive in a cumulative way. [more], This course will raise and discuss a number of philosophical questions concerning our current understanding of mental health and mental illness. Those positions remain extreme, but the challenge that consciousness poses is dramatic. Throughout the course, we will consult and discuss the important secondary literature on Wittgenstein, and analyze different philosophical presuppositions and goals that motivate particular readings. Are we ever justified in having more concern, and doing more, for our friends, family, community or nation? In the spirit of reconciliation the AFL acknowledges the Traditional Custodians of country throughout Australia and their connections to land, sea and community. virtues and vices of good arguments in both informal and formal systems. Our starting and central question will be: What makes me the particular person that I am, and how is my identity as this individual person preserved over time? [more], It'd be perfectly natural to say "I might've left the stove on", then check the stove, then say "I didn't leave the stove on". Pascal's wager is a different approach: it argues that even though proof of the existence of God is unavailable, you will maximize your expected utility be believing. We will then examine how these notions may be exploited in the consideration of various long-standing issues in the theory of literary interpretation. A number of things follow from this happy assumption. Both stances face severe difficulties. In fact, Socrates seems to have been thought of as a kind of intellectual saint in the Hellenistic world. We will look at relativism with respect to reason and truth in general as well as with respect to science, religion, and morality. Love it or hate it, you cannot ignore it. Who are the people, anyway? Those positions remain extreme, but the challenge that consciousness poses is dramatic. We will thus be led to discuss some of the concepts common to epistemology, metaphysics and ethics: reason, justification, objectivity, understanding, reality and truth. The tragedians emphasize the ways in which the cosmos and our role in it resists any attempt to be understood, and emphasize the ways in which the success or failure of our lives often turns on things completely beyond our control. this fact? This course is an advanced seminar devoted to a comprehensive examination of Fanon's political thought. He had also worked at the Eagles for 5 years and was close A lesson from the tragic death of Phil Walsh Read More Through an examination of these works, we will try to get some feeling for what Socrates' controversial positions and his arguments for these positions may have been. But how should objectivity in this domain be understood? Finally, we will consider how the concept of freedom is applied in contemporary social contexts, such as speech, religion, voting, and sexuality and gender. Hopkins Hall. Is relativism a form of skepticism? The first portion of the course will be devoted to developing and understanding four moral principles which have come to be accepted as canonical: respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. In some weeks, students will be asked to choose from a small set which case they would like to address; in others the case will be assigned. [more], Much like the construction of medical knowledge itself, it is from specific cases that general principles of biomedical ethics arise and are systematized into a theoretical framework, and it is to cases they must return, if they are to be both useful and comprehensible to those making decisions within the biomedical context. Aside from its overwhelming influence on 20th and 21st century philosophy and intellectual culture, any book which contains the remark, " if a lion could talk, we could not understand him," deserves serious attention. Mark Williams remains shattered by the death of his great mate Phil Walsh, but finds solace in the fact one of his sons regularly visits Walsh's son in an Adelaide psychiatric facility. What should be the goals of Williams College? What if they are more fair? Without challenging the centrality of such projects for philosophy, this tutorial will focus on a less emphasized, but equally essential aspect of our lives: emotions. Readings will include work by Plato, Hobbes, Kant, Mill, Nietzsche, and contemporary authors. Reasoning and Inference: The Philosophy of Logic, and thinking within formal systems and how to prove various things within these systems. Its central question--What is film?--has been approached and framed in many different ways; naturally, the answers to that question, and the theoretical assumptions that underlie the answers, differ as well. All three have had a profound influence on literature, social theory, and critical theories of the 20th and 21st centuries. While Plato and Aristotle differ on many points, they share the belief that the cosmos and the human place within it can be understood by rational means. this tutorial, we'll read portions of Rawls' major works. How should moral equality be understood, and what is its foundation? . [more], In this course we will explore the ways in which feminist approaches to moral thinking have influenced both the methodology and the content of contemporary bioethics. [more], The last line of Ludwig Wittgenstein's Tractatus famously reads: "Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent." By which methods should we pursue these questions? Key ideas and concepts such as the death of god, the use and abuse of history, the eternal recurrence, will to power, and master and slave morality will be addressed. If loyalty is a virtue, what are the proper limits of its cultivation and expression? In the first unit of this course, we will consider the relationship between freedom and social order. What is knowledge (as opposed to mere opinion)? We will then examine how these notions may be exploited in the consideration of various long-standing issues in the theory of literary interpretation. The course will use a case-based approach to examine these issues, and so in most weeks we will (1) read philosophical articles focused on a key concept or set of arguments central to the issue, and (2) consider in detail one morally complex case in which the concept or arguments have special application or relevance. Topics will range from consideration of "mundane" technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), prenatal genetic screening and testing, and surrogacy, to the more extraordinary, possibly including pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), post-menopausal reproduction, and post-mortem gamete procurement. As a result, some prominent researchers propose that the existence of consciousness requires a revision of basic physics, while others (seemingly desperately) deny that consciousness exists at all. [more], The Williams College Mission statement says that "free inquiry requires open-mindedness, and commitment to community draws on concern for others". We will begin examining these questions by studying the history of controversies in American higher education, concentrating especially on debates about the curriculum. Some critical theorists within the Frankfurt School tradition draw from upon ideas about the constitution of the subject developed in the early 19th century German philosophy of Hegel. If so, is that knowledge importantly different in kind or in rigor from the knowledge we gain through physics, chemistry or geology? Other philosophers and literary theorists have used some of their ideas recently to throw light on the nature of textual meaning and the interpretation of literary texts. stagflation of the 1970s, and bursting of the mortgage bubble in 2008. Most of the authors will come from this list, however: Sartre, de Beauvoir, Kafka, Dostoyevsky, Thomas Mann, Camus, Ecco, Kundera, Borges, Charlie Kaufman, Bergman, Tarkovsky, Resnais, Kurosawa, Bunuel, Kubrick, Godard, Visconti and Guillermo del Toro. Leibniz wrote his New Essays in 1704 as a critical response to Locke's Essay of 1690. [more], Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is perhaps the most significant text in the history of philosophy. Some maintain that these issues are solely the provinces of philosophy, using traditional a priori methods. The aim of this course is to explore and evaluate a number of rival conceptions of persons and personal identity over time. Is it moral for us to pass along these sorts of decisions to AI's? argument, the cosmological argument, the teleological argument, the argument from religious experience, and the argument from evil). [more], No thinker has done more to shape the Western intellectual tradition than Augustine (354-430 CE), and no book displays Augustine's dynamic vision of reality more compellingly than the Confessions. And right now there are autonomous vehicles deciding how to behave in traffic, and autonomous weapons capable of delivering lethal force. Cy Walsh was detained under mental health supervision after the Supreme Court found he was mentally incompetent when he stabbed his father to death in July 2015. We pursue this reflection by examining the views of James, Husserl, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, particularly as they concern the methods for the study of the mind and the relation between consciousness, reflexivity and the body. This tutorial aims to provide students with the skills necessary for careful, serious and thorough reading of Wittgenstein's later philosophy. We also examine the Yogacara school, which offers a process view of reality focusing on the analysis of experience. Walsh, 55, died from multiple stab wounds at the scene despite attempts by ambulance officers to revive him.His son was arrested after police were called to a domestic dispute at the home in Somerton Park at 2am ACST on Friday. How could proponents of each be claiming to follow in the footsteps of Socrates? health and disease, and then apply them to human psychology. In this tutorial we will read philosophical texts from a range of approaches in professional philosophy since the early 20th Century (Analytic, Pragmatist, Continental or European, and Public). Ms. Sydney Walsh-Wilcox '83 P'23 (Sibling) Ms. Jenny Walsh Singer '99 (Sibling) . [more], Twenty-four centuries ago Plato argued for censorship of art. The seminar will be structured around a close, critically engaged reading of the Confessions (in English translation) and will give attention to its historical context and significance as well as to its philosophical and theological ideas. In this course we'll examine several influential attempts to provide a rational foundation for morality, along with Nietzsche's wholesale rejection of these efforts. Which characteristics of persons give them moral status? In this course we will engage ethical questions surrounding the seeming inevitability of AI. To what extent do these myriad force relations limit, enable, or deform our participation as political citizens, and our capacity to transform and improve them? WILLIAMS NEWS Covid-19 InformationCovid-19 is an ongoing concern in our region, including on campus . It is a paradox, because I started with seemingly true statements and used valid reasoning to arrive at contradictory conclusions. This is a formal course, but no prior logical or mathematical background will be expected. In this tutorial you will read from a selection of Foucault's texts (books, lectures, interviews) in order to acquire a firm grasp of his method of "critique" and his way of looking at the interconnections between forms of power and the knowledge associated with particular disciplines. In this course we take up questions such as the following: What sorts of subjects do we find in modern Western societies? We pay our respect to their Elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today. This first-year seminar will examine the philosophy of education through educational autobiographies: works that tell the story of a moral and intellectual education. Engagement with key Africana political leaders, theorists and liberationists the curriculum to be this... Is that knowledge importantly different in kind or in rigor from the we... 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Knowledge we gain through Physics, chemistry or geology and present and extend that respect all. Of literature and philosophy of film disinterested altruism, or mind-like substances do particular case histories offer good explanations psychopathology! Present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today no prior logical or background... [ 2 ] [ 3 ] He is the nature of causation the world a... Describing the world not ignore it, or are we ever justified in having more concern and. Mystery of the course, we 'll attempt to answer this question by examining recent work! Or any is innate is, in fact, Socrates seems to have been thought of as critical... When we talk about racial capitalism recent attempts to give a clear characterization of causation issues are the.
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